Steam generator



June 19, 1928.

E. P. OSWALD STEAK GENERATOR Filed March 10. 1923 6 Sreets-Sheet 1 -1 u H n-Qeni om Ear] P. Oswald.

June 19, 1928. 1514,412

E. P. OSWALD STEAM GENERATOR Filed March 10. 1923 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Catalan e3 June 19, 1928.

E. P. OSWALD STEAM GENERATOR Filed March 10. 1923 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Gun/may Jun 19, 1928. 1,674,412

E. P. OSWALD STEAM GENERATOR Filed March 10. 1923 6 Sheetg-Sheet 4 mlenfam Ear]. P. Oswald.

Cfifoaneg June 19, 1928.

E. P. OSWALD STEAM GENERATOR e Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 10, 1925 ndanfom Ear? P. OSwald.

June 19, 1928. 1,674,412

E. P. OSWALD STEAM GENERATOR Filed March IO. 192's 6 Sheets-Sheet a fl' (qnfientam Ear] P Oswald.

. I Chimney Patented June 19, 1928.

PATENT OFFICE.

I EARL P. OSWALD, F DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

STEAM GENERATOR.

Application filed March 10, 1923. Serial No. 624,081.

This invention relates to prime movers more particularly of a type somewhat analogous to the steam engine typerin which fluid in the-form of vapor under pressure is admitted to a power cvlinder and thereby made to perform work. The principalobject of the invention is involved in the means for maintaining a body of liquid under the desired thermal pressure and discharging the same in predetermined volume per unit of time into a separate heated expansion chamber to cause the same to changein characterfrom a liquid to-a gaseous condition and thence delivering it to a cylinder or cylinders in a manner to perform work.

In an ordinary steam engine for instance,

the heat applied to the water of a boiler causes steam to rise from the surface into what is known as a steam dome from which the steam is discharged to cylinders in the well known manner. The pressure release in the steam dome caused by the use of steam reduces the pressure on the body of liquid in the boiler resulting in certain volume changing into steam to maintain pressure.

In my invention the fluid which may be water or other volatilizable liquid is maintained in a chamber that is completely filled with the liquid and in which the-heat is applied theretoto produce the desired thermal pressure, means being employed to supply this chamber with liquid under mechanical pressure preferably greater than the thermal pressure. The quantity of fluid to be utilized in operation of the engine is withdrawn from this boiler chamber in liquid state and discharged to a separate expansion chamber from which the cylinders take their power supply as is hereinafter described. The vapor or steam generator herein disclosed is designed and adapted for use in conjunction with an engine as a power plant rially greater than that occupied by an internal'combustion engine of similar horsepower. I j I A further object of the invention is to, provide means in conjunction with a boiler element wherety the heat applied to the boiler isautomatically controlled by the vapor temperature in the expansion chamber. This is an essential characteristic of the in- Vention when utilized as a power plant for automotivevehicles and is preferably uti lized even though the boiler or vapor generator be used for stationary power p'ur- 05 poses.

' Further obects and features of the inven-.

tion are in provision of means for maintainmatically by-passes the liquid when the pressure in the boiler is greater than the pressure for which the apparatus is set'to maintain in the boiler chamber. The power plant may be utilized with various liquids as for instance water, sulphur dioxide (S02), carbon tetracloride (COL), the latter fluid boiling at 143 degrees F., and freezing at ten degrees below zero. Whatever the liquid used, however, there is a closed cycle therefor, it be- 30 ing drawn from the liquid supply source,

' discharged to the boiler member, thence to the expansion chamber, thence to the engine and then exhausted to a condenser from which it is returned to the supply source. A 5' feature of this invention is involved in the general arrangement of parts permitting such closed cycle flow and the means employed for maintaining the fluid in the supply source at above normal pressure.

An additional object of this invention is to provide a steam or vapor generator and power element in which the gases ofcom-r bustion are made to flow about all steam or vapor conduits up to and including the power element whereby the vapor or steam does not suffer loss of heat until utilized and passed from the power element.

' These and various objects and novel features of construction involved in this invention are hereinafter more fully described and claimed, and the preferred form of con struction of a power plant including a steam or vapor generator embodying my invention the boiler and circuit of the fluid from the liquid supply through the boiler and engine and returning to the liquid supply.

Fig. v5 is a vertical section of a fuel burner adapted for use with my improved vapor generator.

Fig. 6 is a detail in vertical section of a valve in the by-pass.

Fig. 7 is a side elevation partly in section ofthe control means for the engine valve.

Fig. 8 is a section taken on line 8-8 of Fig F ig. 9 is a section taken on line' 9'9 of Fig. 10 is a section of the eccentric rings.

Fig. 11 is a detail in perspective of-the block riding in the eccentric rings.

Fig. 12 is a detail in perspective of the actuator for the rings.

Fig. 13 is an elevation showing a means in addition to the thermostatic control controlling the fuel valve.

' In this invention and in order to secure a boiler of small compass, a comparatively small body of the volatilizable liquid only is heated to the desired degree and this liquid is replaced as rapidly as it is withdrawn thus maintaining the liquid in the boiler under a constant pressure and the steam or vapor under pressure is produced, by withdrawal of a small quantity of fluid and discharge of the same into an expansion chamber separate from the liquid or heating chamber and differs in this respect from any other apparatus utilizing an expansible or vaporizable liquid for the operation of an engine. With a steam boiler a large quantity of water is maintained under the necessary degree of heat to produce steam andremoval of the stand considerable heat and the rapidity with which it transmits heat is greater than that of iron usually used in boilers. This boiler is designated generally by A and comprises an inner hollo w"*m ember 2- having a cone shaped wall, an intermediate shell 3 providing a space 4 between the shells 2 and 3, and

for

an outer shell 5 providing a space 6 between the shells 3 and 5. This entire body is heat insulated by asbestos or similar-heat insulating body indicated at 7 about which is a sheet metal shell 8 for holding the same in place. The space 4 is the heating space of the boiler and aburner indicated, generally at 9 is provided at the small end, the shell 3 having a cylindrical neck 10 into which the forward end of the burner slightly projects. The forward end of the shell 2 is rounded as indicated at 11 and this, as before stated, is cone shaped so that the flame emanating from the burner passes about this rounded point 11 and through the cone shaped passageway or space 4 subjecting the entire cone shaped wall 2 of the inner member to the heat and also subjecting the wall 3 to the heat of the flame. By making this member cone shaped as stated, it maybe less in length for the reason that if it were cylindrical a much longer passageway would be required to insure absorption of heat of the flame by the walls of the boiler before passing fronflthe boiler. .By the cone shape shown, thearea of the walls 2 and 3 rapidly increases toward the base of the cone, the heat absorption thus being increased as the flame progresses from the point toward the base. The inner cone member 2 is hollow as stated providing a chamber 12 hereinafter termed the expansion chamber and a series of ribs 13 are provided extending from the point 1]. toward the rear end of the chamber 12 and these are utilized to transmit the heat of the flame-from the point to the interior of theexpansion chamber. The base of the cham ber 12 has an opening closed by the conical member 14 flanged at 15 to be secured to the inwardly extending part 16 of the wall 2. This member 14 carries-a needle valve 17 movable longitudinally of the recess 20 provided therefor, and this needle valve controls the orifice 18. This cone member 14 also has a conduit 19 leading to the chamber 20 about the needle valve in communication with the orifice 18. This conduit 19 in the member 14 is'connected by means of piping 21 with the space 6 which contains the liquid heated by the flame from the burner 9.

As will be hereinafter described, liquid is .maintained in this chamber 6 under pressure and is maintained comparatively full of liquid including the piping 21 and conduit transmitted to the engine cylinders which operate after the manner of the usual steam engine. A feature of the invention is in maintaining the pressure of the liquid in the boiler and releasing the liquid in a separate expansion chamber subject to the heat of the gases of combustion and also separate therefrom. The pressure of the vapor therefore has no effect whatsoever on the liquid and the vapor is thus not withdrawn from the liquid body, in the boiler but only the liquid having the desired thermal pressure and this vapor is in fact superheated in this chamber 12 due to its coming into intimate contact with the heated wall 2 and ribs 13 as above described.

To enable this structure to be utilized efiiciently, 1 have provided an engine structure with which it is closely associated. and this engine-consists of a casing 22 in which is mounted the crank shaft 23 having the usual crank 24 as will be understood in Fig.

similar slide valve on one side thereof as will be understood from Figs. 1 and 3. This is also indicated-at30 in Fig. 4 and may be operated in any approved manner as by an eccentric 31 having an arm 32 con nected with the eccentric band at the shaft endand provided at the upper end with a bar 33 connecting the samew'th a stem 34 of the valve. This valve is hollow in the construction as here shown and as is indicated at 35 and is provided with rings at opposite ends riding in the case 36 on the side of the cylinder which is ported at 37 and 38 at oppos'te ends of the cylinder. A

i central inlet port 39 is provided which is connected by means of a conduit 40 with the interior of the expansion chamber 12; Thus, vapor under pressure is supplied to the valve which in its reciprocation central portion 39 with the port 38 and then closes it to the port 38 and opens t to the -port 37 which causes reciprocation of the,

piston. Vvhen theinlet port 39 is closed to the port 38 by movement of the valve upward in ts chamber, the port 38 becomes open to the hollow interior 35 of the valve,

rst connects theand when the port 37 is open to the casing in which the valve reciprocates. To this valve casing is connected the exhaust piping 41 and exhaust steam or vapor is thus passed from the cylinder to this piping 41 to the upper end 42 of a radiator 43 which may be of any approved character of construction and is here shown as a series of vertical tubes opento atmosphere by the vapors cooled and condensed'in the tubes. The tubes are open at the upper end to the chaml'ier 42 at the head of thecondnser and at the lower end 'to the supply tank 44 into which the coninsulatinginaterial 45 to prevent loss of heat of the fluid therein. A supply pipe46 leads into this tank 44 and to a pump which is shown in the diagram as a reciprocating pump 47 connected with the end of the valve so that reciprocation of the valve operates the pump. This arrangement, however, is merely diagrammatic in order that the How sheet will be perfectly clear. The structure of the pump is shown more clearly in Fig. 2 and is hereinafter described. From the pump the fluid is transferred by means of a pipe line 48 to the space 6 of the boiler memher. A by-pass is provided between the pipe line/46 and 48 adjacent the pump in which is a spring check valve 49 set to operate at predetermined pressure. This valve is preferably set at about five hundred pounds pressure as the thermal pressure is usually between three and four hundred pounds in the boiler. Therefore the normal thermal pressure may not force the fiuid back from the boiler. It is to be noted, howeveia that should the pressure in the boiler rise above that for which this valve is set, the check valve allows the water of the boiler to pass back into the tank 44.

The pump 47 is shown more clearly in Fig. 2, and it is to be noted that the crank shaft 23 is provided with two cranks 50 and 51 and a block 52 is provided on each crank 2 riding in a yoke 53 to which the pump plunger 54 is connected. This is an ordinary plunger pump and the piping 46 leads to an orifice of the pump and the p'iping 48 leads to a similar orifice on the oppos .te side of the pump case. There is a check valve provided at the" intake side opening on the intake stroke and closing on the exhaust stroke of the plunger and a sim lar check valve at the discharge orifice closing on the intake stroke and opening on the'discharge exactlysimilar and is connected with a similar yoke on its respective crank. and the discharge and intake orifice of the second pump are likewise.connected with the pipfrom the casing ly into a chamber ing 46 and In order to secure compactness of the engine and boiler structure. I mount the boiler above the crank case and between the two cylinders as will be understood from the drawings particularly Fig. 2. These cylinders are positioned at an angle one to the other thus providing space between the cylinders to mount the forward end of the rests and on this bracketis mounted the burner member. 9 hereinafter more fully described and by means of which intense flame is directed into the heating space 4 of the boiler. This boiler member is preferably covered with insulation 7 as previously stated and a metal shell thereabout. At the rear and large end of the boiler it is to be noted that the space topens through the end thereofgthere being webs 56: supporting the wall 3 relative to the inner wall 2 of the structure. the arrangement permitting flame and heated gases of combustion to pass free- I 57 provided at the rear end of the boiler. This chamber is formed by insulating material 58 enclosed within sheet metal cover members Q59, and this structure-providing the chamber 57 may be secured to the rear end of the boiler by means of a series of bolts, one of which is shown at 60 in Fig. 3.

It will be noted from Figs. 1 and 2 that the cylinders 27 and 27*. are surrounded with a sheet metal or heat insulating wall 61 spaced from the cylinder in each case. A' conduit 62. shown particularly in Fig. 1, leads from this chamber 57 to the casing 61 surrounding the cylinder and valve chamber, and an outlet conduit 63 is provided 61. The products of combustion thus pass from the oil burner 9 through the combustion space 4 of the boiler to the chamber 57 and thence about the vapor conduit 40'to about each cylinder and are then passed to atmosphere through the conduit 63 and thus conserve the heat of the gases of combustion .to the greatestpossible extent. Thus, all the parts carrying steam or vapor are shielded within the conduit for heated gases from the expansion chamber to atmosphere. The exhaustconduit 41 for the steam or vapor from the cylinders is not insulated as it is desired to condense the vapor immediately upon discharge from the work 2 is the half section and shows such for instance as kerosene and the burner consists preferably of a hollow member 9 open at the forward end which, as is shown particularly in Fig. 3, is positioned in the neck 10 of the boiler member which is open to atmosphere, there being a space 65 between the member 9 of the burner and the neck 10 of the boiler. This space is open to the cone shaped combustion space 4 of the boiler. blowing directly against'the point 11 of the wall 2 and the flame is directed equally about the member 2 in the space 4. Velocity of flow of the combustion gases by the arrangement here shown decreases toward the large end due to the greater space to be occupied thereby and giving ample opportunity for absorption ofheat of these gases as they pass I through the boiler to the chamber 57 and The flame is like that of a torch conduits 62. I have here shown a special form of burner adaptable for the purpose,

has an opening at the bottom common to the two sides67 nd 67 to which the lamp 68 may be connected. This lamp 68. as shown in Fig. 5 consists of a receptacle having a central tubular member 70 extending centrally therethrough about which is a cylindrical wick 71 extending down into the oil receptacle. The wick may be turned up or down by the usual wick adjuster '72. The upper part of the member 68 is provided with a cylindrical portion 73 having a bayonet slot '74.- therein on opposite sides to engage a pin 75 on the lower end of the member 67 and 67 by means of which the receptacle may be secured to or removed from the chimney member. In this receptacle 69 is ahinged float 76 carrying a'valve 77 controlling the flow of oil into-the chamber 69 from the pipe 78. This pipe 78 is preferably connected directly with the fuel tank 80. This-fuel tank may be located in any desired position as for instance above the burner as shown in Fig. 4. and a pump (not here shown) may be provided by which pressure may be produced in the fuel tank so that the fuel flow is under pressure. By means of the float 76 in the oil receptacle the level ofoil is maintained practically constant therein. The line 79- leads to a conto a. vertical conduit 83 formed in the casting at the rear end of the member 9 and opening to a discharge orifice 84 in the rear wall of the member 9. This orifice is controlled by a needle valve 85 as indicated in Fig. 3. This valve may be of any desired type controlling the volume of flow of fuel into the burner and may be manually controlled if desired or found practicable as may also the valve 17 controlling the flow of li uid from the boiler 6 to the expansion cham er 12. It is, however, preferable that the oil flow to the burner be controlled either by the pressure of the fluid in the space 6 of the boiler or by the temperature of the vapor in the expansion chamber 12. Either or both means may be employed and to increase the safety factor I prefer to provide both control means for the fuel flow for the valve 85. One means is show plainly in Fig. 3 and consists of 'a ehambered member 86 secured to the rear end of the casting providing the burner member 9. This casting has an aperture for the member 85 which is freely reciprocable therein and the rear end of the casting is flanged as indicated at 87 to "receive the similar flange in the end of; the member 86. In this member 86 is a disk 88 and this disk has two concentric corrugated or bellows like members 89 and 90 secured thereto forming a chamber therebetween closed by thedisk 88 at the one end, and by a plate 91 at the outer end. Therefore, this chamber between the two bellows members 89 and 90 is a sealed chamber indicated at 92. The needle valve stem 85 is secured to the member 88.

' This member 88 within the inner corrugated or bellows member 90 is provided. with a rod 93 extending outwardly through the member 91 which is secured to the outer end of the member 86. A spring 94 is provided thereon,'as will be understood ,from Fig.3, which extends to open the valve 85 allowing full flow of fuel within the capacity of the orifice 84 into the burner.

It is to be noted that an aperture 95 1s provided in the wall between the chimney 67 and the member 9 which will permit flame from the wick member to pass into the interior' of the member 9 in position to ignite fuel supplied thereto through the orifice 84. It is also to be noted that there are a number of apertures 96 in the member 9 at the rear. .end permitting ingress of air which is drawn thereinto by flow of the fuel through the member 9. Thus the member 68 and chimficient air being drawn through the apertures 96 and the space to producepract-ically complete combustion.

Preferably the flow of fuel is thermostatically controlled and this is accomplished in the following manner: In the interior of the expansion chamber 12 at the rear end thereof toward which the vapor flows on its Way to the conduits .40 and thence to the workcylinders, is a chamber 100 sealed to the ex pansion chamber 12 and to' this chamber is connected a conduit 101 leading from the rear wall of the expansion chamber through la-ted if desired. This space 100 ahd the conduit 101 and the chamber 92 ispractically filled with a; volatile fluid and, inasmuch as the chamber 100 is subjected o' the heat of the expanding vapor in the chamber 12, the fluid in the chamber 100 and the con: duit and chamber 92 tends to expand forcing the disk 88 in a direction to close the valve 8:) against the tension of the spring 94. As heretofore stated, this boiler is preferably operated at between 300 to 400 pounds thermal pressure. To operate at 300 pounds thermal pressure, a heat of approximately 424 degrees F., is required and the valve 85 and the spring 94 may be so ad'usted as to require about 300 pounds pressure to close the same, less pressure only partially closing the valve as will be readily understood. Thus, as the thermal pressure in the boiler rises to about 300- pounds, thefluid in the chamber 100 will tend to close the valve. This fluid may be oil or a mixture of volatile liquids that are expanded to the desired degree and shut the valve 85 when the desired thermal ressure of the boiler is secured-r that is,i 300 pounds thermal pressure of the boiler is the limit at which it is desired to operate the same and 424 degrees F., is th at that temperature to close the valve. As

shown in Fig. 13, in addition to the thermostaticcontrol above specifically described, an

additional direct pressure may 'be employedand this is exactly identical in structure and is carried to the stem 93 so that certain pressure being attained in the chamber 105 of the pressure device, the valve 85 will be closed. This chamber 105 is connected directly with the boiler space by a conduit 106 leading from line 48 as shown in Fig. 2 and it may be set to operate at a somewhat higher pressure than the thermostatic control device is set to operate and thus if, for some unknown duced and this tends to delay passage of reason, thethermostatic device fails to operate by forcing the plate 88 forward to close the valve 85 then, as the flame continues and the boiler pressure increases, this-pressure will be communicated to the chamber 105 and operate the valve to close the same. A double factor of safety is thus provided in the control of the flow of fuel to the boiler and this is in addition to the safety factor provided by the-bypass between the lines 46 and 48 so that excess pressure in the boiler can still be relieved through the valve 49. Thus, by provision of these safety devices,if the engine be standing still and the flame and fuel flow be at full degree, practically all the fluid in the boiler member may be driven therefrom without the pressures increasing beyond ordinary safe limits.

As heretofore stated, this. boiler member and engine differ in many respects from an ordinary steam engine yet the engine operation is practically identical with that of the steam engine'whereby the usual power transmission structure, clutch, etc., employed with an internal combustion engine driven vehicle may be dispensed with. The boiler differs from any ordinary steam boiler even though water be used and in this respect in the ordinary steam boiler,'steam is withdrawn for use in the engine. With this device the liquid is withdrawn and is continuously supplied as fast as withdrawn under a pressure in excess of thermal pressure of the boiler. Thus, a boiler structure that is small and compactand yet highly eflicient is secured. Upon the opening of the valve 17 and due to the high thermal and mechanical pressure under which the liquid enters the expansion chamber. 12, it immediately expands into vapor and by reason of its being blown directly into contact with the heated fins 13 and interior wall 2 of a combustion space of the boiler it acts to take up heat therefrom due to its expandetermined by the work cylinders to which the vapor or steam passes from the chamber on its way to atmosphere. With the engine idling doing no particular work, the steam flow may be comparatively rapid from this chamber 12 to the work -clyinders and to atmosphere. If work is to be accomplished by the movement of the pistons in thecylinders, a resistance to the flow of steam or vapor from the expansion chamber is prolarger.

the steam from the expansion chamber causing it to take up more heat and to increase the pressure as the Work demands. Thus,

with little or no work to be accomplished,

the vapor or steam passes readily from the expansion chamber but, as resistance to flow occurs, the temperature in the expansion chamber will tend to fall due to more rapid absorption of the heat. This affects the thermostatic control and willtcnd to open the fuel valve and increase the flow of fuel and upon cessation of the work effort of the cylinders, the temperature in the expansion chamber will tend to increase raising the temperature of the fluid in the thermostatic cell and pipe line 101 and tend to close the valve 85 and restrict the amount of fluid supply.

The power element described in conjunction with the boiler is of the reciprocating steamengine type and is here illustrated merely to show a means of translating the pressure of the vapor into effective work but any type of vapor pressure translating device may be utilized in the outlet conduit for the expansion chamber 12 and, as heretofore stated, this pressure translating device provides a resistance to flow of vapor under pressure from the expansion chamber whereby effective work may be'accomplishedl Y The reciprocating type of engine, however, is a serviceable type and may be utilized as here shown with the two;cylinders at an angle one to the other with a boiler member located therebetween in order to secure a compact structure and in which case the chamber for the products of combustion at the rear of the boiler is connectechto both the shells surrounding the cylinders by a a conduit and the conduit for the expansion chamber is located in the interior .of the exhaust conduit for the gases of combustion. Compactness is also secured principally by the character of boiler structure and its mode of operation. The boiler structure is preferably of cast metal and cone shape form as hereinafter stated provided with an outer liquid chamber and an inner expansion chamber of cone shaped form and a narrow cone shaped combustion space or chamber between the liquid and the expansion chambers. The liquid chamber by rea-.,

son of the continual supply of fluid as fast as it isremoved fromthe liquid chamber may be of small capacity, as for instance about a gallon of liquid for an engine of a size adaptable for use in an automotive vehicle. Naturally power plants of greater ca pacity will require liquid chambers of greater capacity and other parts proportionately The liquid is supplied to the liquid chamber preferably at the forward end by the conduit 48 and thisinlet to the liquid chamber is near the point of greatest heat trio is there shown.

amilication as will be understood from Fig. 3. The liquid is withdrawn from the liquid chamber at the rear end so that infiowing liquid. from the time of its introduction into the liquid chamber at the forward and lower side of the boiler member to the time of its discharge from a point at the upper rear end thereof, has ample time to heat to the desired degree.

As has been previously stated, I preferably employ a burner of the blowtorch type utilizing preferably a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and a structure of a burner is here shown adaptable for the purpose, the features of which willbe embodied in a separate application for patent. This invention, however,

is not limited to the particular type of burner" or the particular type of pressure translating device. The valve controlling the flow of liquid to the expansion chamber is here shown as being of the needle type, The invention, however, contemplates the use of any valve adaptable for the purpose, and this valve is independently and preferably manually controlled while the application of heat to the boiler is preferably automatically controlled. The liquid and varpor has a closed circuit as heretofore stated and therefore there is no loss of liquid due to there being no exhaust to atmosphere and the special type of liquid utilized may be even more expensive in character and still economical in use due to this fact. y

' In an engine of this character, this slide valve 30 is operated by an eccentric 31 shown in Fig. 4. This Fig. 4, however, is diagrammatic in form andean ordinaryeccen- In order to manually change the throw of the valve or to reverse the engine, this eccentric 31 is preferably constructed as shown in detal in Figs. 3 and 7 to 12 inclusive. This may be accomplished by means of a shaft 107 extending through the crank case as shown in Figs. 3 and 7, and an operating lever (not here shown) utilized on the exterior of the crank case by which an operator may control the throw of the eccentric and thereby vary the speed of the engine or reverse the same in operation. The shaft 107 has a fork 108 attached thereto, one arm of which is shown in Fig.

7 and the arms are connected to a ring 109 riding in a cylindrically grooved portion 110 of a shift block which consists of the said member 110 and blocks 111 and 112 which have parallel inclined faces 113 and 114.- respectively. The member 110 has a cylindrical aperture 115 for the shaft 23 and is loose on the shaft and movable by the rock arm 108. As shown in Figs. 8 and 10, the eccentric 31 has a rectangular aperture therein and is formed of two blocks 31 and 31 which are riveted or secured together and are flanged as will be understood from Figs. 7

and 10 providing a cylindrical groove for 1 and diagrammatically in Fig. 4. i The position of the blocks 111 and 112' longitudinally of the shaft relative to the member 31 determines the eccentricity of the member 31 relative to the shaft as will be understood from the following :Keyed to the shaft 23 is a block 120 shown'particularly -in Figs. 8, 9 and '11. This block is rectangular in form and has a groove 121 and 122 upon the upper and lower faces for; the inner faces of the members 111 and 112. The member 31 has a rectangular aperture therein greater in length than the block and these two members 31 and 31, as shown in Fig. 10, are formed with a vertical groove 123 on opposite vertical faces providing a way for ribs 124 and 125 on the block 120. These members 31 and 31 also have a groove 126 and 127 in the upper and the lower wall respec tively of the central rectangular, aperture, the bottoms of which grooves are inclined relative to the axis of the shaft and in parallel relation against which the faces 113 and 114 of the blocks ride. By this arrangement, movement of the member 110 and the two blocks thereon toward the right of F ig. 7 would tend to move the member 31 downward relative to. the shaft 23 With the axis of the member 31 eccentric to the axis of the shaft, and movement in the opposite direction will tend to produce the'opposite eccentricity so that on revolution of the shaft and the member 31, the eccentric rings would function to reciprocate the rod 32 and de pending upon eccentricity the varying speeds of the engine operation may be secured or the engine reversed in its direction of operation as will be readily'understood by those familiar with the slide valve type ofengine.

The above described eccentric is of a particular form-and preferably is the type utilized with this particular type of motor. It will be understood, however, that any character of mechanism adapted to operate the valve may be utilized without, departing from the spirit of this invention.

From the foregoing description it will become evident that the principal features of this invention are involved in the boiler structure and its mode of operation and in themaintenance of the vapor under the infiuence of the heated gases up to the time of its exhaust from the engine with which it is to beutilized and thereafter condensed and returned to the boiler in liquid form for subsequent use. It is further evident that the boiler structure, dueto its mode of operation in the production of steam for use in a work cylinder and due to its particular form, a large percentage of the heat of the gases of combustion may be absorbed in a combustion chamber of comparatively short length and that the various novel features of the invention, as hereinbefore pointed out, are secured by a construction that is simple and inexpensive in character.-

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States i's '1. A boiler for the production of vapor under pressure for operation of a power element comprising a substantially cone shaped member formed of metal of com paratively high thermal conductivity, said member having an exterior chamber for liquid and a separate interior chamber for vapor, a passageway between the liquid and vapor chambers cone-shaped in form into which products of combustion are discharged from' the small end, a'chamber having a discharge orifice for the heated gases of combustion at the large end ofthe coneshaped passageway therefor, a conduit in the said heated gas chamber extending between the liquid and vapor chambers, a valve for regulating the flow of liquidintov the vapor chamber, and a discharge conduit for, the vapor chamber, means for discharging liquid into the liquid chamber under a pressure in excess of thermal pressure there: in, and means controlled by the temperature of the vapor in the vapor chamber for regulating the flow of fuel to the burner.

2. A boiler for the production of vapor under pressure comprising a cellular structure of ametal of high thermal conductivity having substantially the form of a cone and provided with an outer cell or chamber for liquid and an inner cell or expansion chamber for vapor open to permit 'flow of vapor therefrom,.the outer chamber being spaced from the inner chamber providing a combustion chamber of coned form, the expansion chamber having an outer rounded small end,.a burner of the blowtorch type,

the flame'of which impinges directly upontoward the rear of the interior of the expansion chamber, a discharge orifice at the rear of the expansion chamber discharging in the expansion chamber directly toward the point and Webs of metal, a conduit connecting the liquid chamber with thesaid discharge orifice of the expansion chamber, a valve controlling the flow of liquid to the expansion chamber.

3. In apparatus of the character described a boiler member for the production of vapor under pressure, the boiler member having an outer chamber for liquid and an inner expansion chamber forfvapor and a passageway therebetween providing a chamber for the gases of combustio a heating device discharging the pi'odtiicts of combustion through the combustion chamber, a conduit for the products of combustion at the end of the combustion chamber, a conduit subject to the heat of the products of combustion leading 'from the liquid chamber to the vapor chamber, a valve for controlling the flow of liquid therethrough, a'

conduit from the expansion chamber locatedv EARL P. OSWALD, 

